Structure and Properties of Timber Fire Doors
Wooden fire doors are building fire separation components, whose door frames, door leaf frameworks and facing panels are made of deeply fire-retardant treated timber and wood-based panels, combined with non-combustible fire-resistant core filling materials, fire intumescent seals and special fire-rated hardware fittings. They can maintain fire resistance integrity and thermal insulation within the specified fire resistance period, curb the spread of flames and toxic smoke, and function as key fire protection components in building fire compartmentation and evacuation passage systems.
As essential fire safety components that balance building fire protection requirements and interior decoration functions, wooden fire doors rely on systematic overall fire resistance rather than the performance of individual components. The core requirements are as follows: certified compliant products, integrally fire-retardant base materials, Class A inorganic fireproof core materials, qualified fire seals and fire-rated hardware, standard installation and fire stopping, as well as regular long-term maintenance and inspection. Failure of any single link will drastically reduce the fire and smoke resistance performan
Substrate Flame Retardant Modification
Logs and glulam are treated by high-pressure impregnation with flame retardants to allow flame-retardant components to penetrate deep into the wood. This inhibits wood pyrolysis, reduces smoke and combustible volatile emissions, slows carbonization, and prevents rapid structural collapse under high temperatures. Simply applying fire-retardant paint only on the surface cannot sustain long-term qualified fire resistance.
Fire Resistance of Thermal Insulating Core Materials
The door leaf is filled with Class A non-combustible inorganic core materials such as rock wool, aluminium silicate wool and perlite boards, forming a thermal insulation barrier. This significantly reduces temperature rise on the unexposed side,
maintains the overall structural stability of the door leaf, and delays flame penetration.
Fire Intumescent Sealing System
Graphite-based fire intumescent sealing strips are embedded around the door frame and door leaf edges. They rapidly expand and foam when exposed to high temperatures, sealing gaps around the door frame to block the penetration of high-temperature smoke and flames. This addresses the weak point of smoke leakage and flame spread through door gaps and is critical for smoke control.
Fire-Rated Hardware System
Special fire-resistant hardware including fire hinges, fire locks, fire door closers and door sequencers can withstand prolonged high-temperature exposure. They ensure the door leaf can close, latch and remain closed properly in a fire, preventing deformation and failure of the door leaf. Hold-open fire doors shall be equipped with fire alarm linked closing devices to enable automatic closure upon fire signal activation.
Core Advantages
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Excellent decorative adaptability:
Featuring natural wood grain and customizable finishes, it meets fire safety requirements while matching interior decoration styles, suitable for residential buildings, hotels, hospitals, schools, nursing homes, office buildings and other indoor public spaces.
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Size can be adjusted on site without welding, fitting standard indoor door openings and improving construction efficiency.
Ideal for evacuation corridors and entrances with frequent pedestrian traffic, improving daily usability.
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Lightweight:
Much lighter than steel fire doors, reducing wall load, ideal for renovations and non-load-bearing partitions, and lowering the risk of door frame damage.
